This report assesses that it is highly likely the Kremlin conducted a coordinated Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV) campaign over Europe between August 2024 and February 2026, spanning a dozen NATO states and Ireland.
It is also likely that Russian-linked vessels and the shadow fleet were used as maritime launch, recovery and/or signal relay platforms.
✏️ Charlie Edwards, Rex Fox O’Loughlin & Louis Bearn
For more insights, read the full report: go.iiss.org/4gPP7Pg
— @IISS_org Jul 3, 2026
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